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The Battle of Ulm (October 16-19, 1805) was a series of minor skirmishes at the end of Napoleon Bonaparte's Ulm Campaign, culminating in the surrender of an entire Austrian army near Ulm in Württemberg. In 1805, the United Kingdom, the Austrian Empire, Sweden, and the Russian Empire formed the Third Coalition to overthrow the French Empire. When Bavaria sided with Napoleon, the Austrians, 72,000 strong under General Mack von Leiberich, prematurely invaded while the Russians were still marching through Poland. The Austrians expected the main battles of the war to take place in Northern Italy, not Germany, and intended only to protect the Alps from French forces.A popular but apocryphal legend has it that the Austrians used the Gregorian calendar, the Russians were still using the Julian calendar.